The global population is expected to reach 9.7 billion in 2050, driving the demand for a more sustainable and resilient food system. To address this challenge, new food sources and production systems (NFPS) have gained significant interest as promising solutions. NFPS encompasses a wide range of technologies and products, including cell-cultured food, precision fermentation-derived foods and genetically modified foods. The rapid development of NFPS has raised questions regarding their safety and regulatory oversight. The regulatory environment for NFPS is complex and continually evolving. At present, there is no harmonised global framework to regulate NFPS. This presentation aims to provide an overview of the regulatory oversight of NFPS, highlighting recent developments at the international, Trans-Tasman, and domestic level.